Sources

Here you will find sources and further reading on the fundamentals of logic: freely available online textbooks (OER) as well as well-established standard German-language introductions in print.

Freely available online textbooks

• 🇩🇪 Torsten Wilholt: Logik und Argumentation. https://www.philos.uni-hannover.de/fileadmin/philos/Dateien/Personen_-_Dokumente/Wilholt/Logik.pdf
• 🇬🇧 P. D. Magnus et al.: forall x: An Introduction to Formal Logic (Calgary). The most widely used free logic textbook in the English-speaking world, a modern standard for an introduction to formal propositional and predicate logic.
• 🇬🇧 Matthew Van Cleave: Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking. A free textbook (OER) that ties logic closely to critical thinking and to the assessment of everyday arguments.

Standard German-language introductions (books)

• 🇩🇪 Ansgar Beckermann: Einführung in die Logik. De Gruyter, 4th edition 2014. A clear, pedagogically thought-out introduction to classical logic, widely used at German universities.
• 🇩🇪 Wolfgang Detel: Grundkurs Philosophie. Band 1: Logik. Reclam. A compact, readable entry point into formal logic within the framework of a philosophy foundation course.
• 🇩🇪 Ernst Tugendhat, Ursula Wolf: Logisch-semantische Propädeutik. Reclam. A classic that connects logic with the analysis of language and puts the relationship between language and logical form at its center.
• 🇩🇪 Wesley C. Salmon: Logik. Reclam. A well-established, broadly accessible introduction (German translation) that also covers inductive inferences and fallacies.

Further logic textbooks (freely available)

• 🇩🇪 Holger Brenner: Einführung in die mathematische Logik. Wikiversity course. (Osnabrück 2018, cc-by-sa-4.0).
  • This is a very good course on mathematical logic, but perhaps a little too formal for most of our readers.
• 🇩🇪 Horst Wessel: Logik (1998, cc-by-sa-4.0).
  • Horst Wessel (1942–2019) was professor of logic at the Humboldt University of Berlin. His textbook Logik is a comprehensive, systematic account of classical and non-classical logic; demanding, but a thorough introduction to the subject.
• 🇩🇪 André Fuhrmann: Vorlesungen über Philosophische Logik. (cc-by-4.0)
  • André Fuhrmann is professor of philosophy at the Goethe University Frankfurt, specialising in logic. His Vorlesungen go beyond classical propositional and predicate logic and also cover non-classical systems such as modal and conditional logic, which makes them suitable as further reading.
• 🇬🇧 Andrew Lavin: Fundamentals of Logic. A very accessible, freely licensed online textbook (OER) that leads from argument analysis to formal logic and is particularly well suited as a starting point.